Ionizing Radiation Health Risks

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This is the seventh in a series of reports from the National Research Council (NRC) prepared to advise the U.S. government on the relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and human health. In 1996 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was requested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to initiate a scoping study preparatory to a new review of the health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiations. The main purpose of the new review would be to update the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation V (BEIR V) report (NRC 1990), using new information from epidemiologic and experimental research that has accumulated during the 14 years since the 1990 review. Analysis of those data would help to determine how regulatory bodies should best characterize risks at the doses and dose rates experienced by radiation workers and members of the general
public. BEIR VII—Phase 1 was the preliminary survey to evaluate whether it was appropriate and feasible to conduct a BEIR VII—Phase 2 study. The Phase 1 study determined that it was appropriate and feasible to proceed to Phase 2.

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On completion of this course the participant should be able to:

1. Name the units used to describe radiation dose.
2. Name the most common type of cancer occurring in people exposed during the Chernobyl event.
3. List three different types of energy-transfer processes whereby photons of sufficient energy eject electrons from an atom.
4. Name the maximal permissible level of radiation exposure recommended by the United States.
5. Explain how researchers distinguish inheritable cancers from spontaneous cancers.
6. Define the term Epidemiology.
7. Name the first type of cancer appearing in A-bomb survivors.
8. List two main types of analytical study designs used in epidemiology.
9. List five principal conclusions found during this study.
10. Based on evidence from biology list three research needs that have been identified.